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Gatineau Park ((フランス語:Parc de la Gatineau)) is located in the Outaouais region of Quebec, Canada. Administered by the National Capital Commission as part of the National Capital Region, Gatineau Park is a wedge of land extending north and west from the city of Gatineau QC. With a perimeter of , the park includes parts of the municipalities of Chelsea, Pontiac, La Pêche, and the City of Gatineau. The main entrance to the park is north of downtown Ottawa, Ontario. The park's area has a long history of human inhabitation and usage predating the arrival of European settlers. Its more recent pre-park history includes various forms of human exploitation such as farming, logging, hunting, and industrial activity. The idea of creating a park in the Gatineau Hills for recreational purposes was proposed as early as 1903. In 1938 money was allotted for the acquisition of Gatineau woodlands (for preservation) and the construction of a parkway. The Government of Canada maintains a conference centre at Meech Lake, known as Willson House, the site of meetings leading to a failed attempt to reform Canada's Constitution in 1987, the Meech Lake Accord. There are significant ongoing controversies about the administration of the park, including its status as the only federal park that is not part of the national parks system, the existence and construction of private residences inside it, residents' extensive violation of shoreline protection bylaws at Meech Lake,〔« Algues bleues dans le lac Meech: Chelsea accusée de laxisme », publié par 104,7 fm Outaouais le 2 juillet 2013; « Un groupe réclame la renaturalisation des berges du lac Meech », Radio-Canada, le 2 juillet 2013 ; « Protection des eaux du lac Meech : des citoyens accusent Chelsea de laxisme », Guillaume St-Pierre, Le Droit, le 2 juillet 2013, p.11 ; « Renaturalisation des berges : des résidents des Collines-de-l'Outaouais réclament des actions, Radio-Canada, Téléjournal, le 7 août 2013 ; “Troubled Waters,” by Mark Bourrie, Ottawa Magazine, Volume 16, no. 4, October 2013, pp. 30-34; Municipalité de Chelsea, Rapport préliminaire, inspection des berges du lac Meech, été 2013 : http://www.scribd.com/doc/209143703/Meech-Rapport-MRC-137-09.〕 and changes to its boundaries without the knowledge of parliament. ==History and politics== Although advocated by Dominion Parks Commissioner James Harkin to be the first national park outside the Rocky Mountains, it remains the only federal park that is not a national park,〔Lothian W.F., ''A Brief History of Canada's National Parks'', Environment Canada, 1987, p. 132〕〔Speech on Bill S-210 by the Honourable Tommy Banks, Senate Debates, October 5, 2006, pp. 847-849, http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/chambus/senate/deb-e/pdf/035db_2006-10-05-E.pdf.〕 a situation that has direct repercussions on its ecology, boundaries, and land mass. Created in 1938, Gatineau is the only federal park not protected by the National Parks Act, largely as a result of former Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's caution, fear of criticism, and desire for privacy.〔The New Woodlands Preservation League, brief submitted to the Senate Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources, March 22, 2007, http://www.parl.gc.ca/39/1/parlbus/commbus/senate/Com-e/enrg-e/pdf/15issue.pdf〕〔''The Creation and Early Development of Gatineau Park'', Gagnon, S. and Filion, M. National Capital Commission, 2004,http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/data/2/rec_docs/1663_gatineau_study_e.pdf (note: the conclusion of this study has been seriously challenged. See Give Credit to Park's Founder, by Jean-Paul Murray, Ottawa Citizen, December 22, 2004, p. D4, www.nccwatch.org/cgi-bin/nccmangler?mackenzie).〕 Gatineau Park was not only the first national park advocated for Quebec, it was also intended as the first one outside the Rocky Mountains. As well, it was to be the first national park created by the first parks service in the world, the Dominion Parks Branch. On December 3, 1913, Dominion Parks Commissioner James B. Harkin wrote to Deputy Minister of the Interior William Cory, arguing for the creation of a nationwide system of parks, the first of which was to be Gatineau Park. In his memo, Harkin said: :"The East has no national parks like those in the Rockies, and it is proposed that the country develop a broader scheme of parks than exists in any other country () Bringing into effect the proposed Gatineau Park () would, I think, most easily commence this scheme."〔〔Library and Archives Canada, Department of the Interior, Dominion Parks Branch, File US-14, volumes 1,2,5, and 6; the Harkin memo may be consulted in the documents section at www.gatineauparc.ca.〕〔Claim Gatineau Park can’t be national park untrue, The Ottawa Citizen, October 16, 2006, http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/city/story.html?id=a78f8c04-48f2-49f6-873f-8a17580583bd〕 A few months later, on Cory's suggestion, Harkin wrote Quebec Minister of Mines and Forests Charles Devlin inquiring whether he would help establish a national park in the Gatineau district. Although provincial officials wrote back that the matter would receive their minister's immediate attention, Devlin died before he could follow up on Harkin's request, and no further response was ever received.〔 With the First World War intervening shortly thereafter, the government of Canada had to tend to more pressing matters.〔 On April 7, 1927, the idea of creating a Gatineau national park was again raised in the House of Commons, where MPs considered a bill to create the Federal District Commission, which would build parks and parkways on both sides of the Ottawa River. During debate, however, Conservative MP John Edwards accused Prime Minister King of wanting to create a park around his Kingsmere property and ease access to it by building a parkway. Though he denied the charge, the criticism would shape King's subsequent decisions regarding the park.〔〔Debates, House of Commons, April 7, 1927.〕 It would take another eleven years for the park to be created in embryonic form on July 1, 1938,〔 as a result of efforts by Percy Sparks of the Federal Woodlands Preservation League. By choosing to create the park through gradual property acquisition, the King government allowed private property to continue existing in Gatineau Park—a situation that has prevented the park from becoming a national park. Today, the National Capital Commission manages the park, along with all federal lands and buildings in Canada's National Capital Region. Its policies on park boundaries, land management and ownership, as well as on residential construction in the park, have been the subject of controversy.〔 〕 To address these issues, several private members’ bills have been introduced in the Senate and House of Commons since 2005.〔“MP seeks to protect Gatineau Park: National park status a possible result of Broadbent initiative,” The Ottawa Citizen, October 26, 2005, p. C8〕〔”Senator pushes to preserve Gatineau Park: Legislation would prevent sale of parts of property,” Ottawa Citizen, January 17, 2006, p. B2.〕〔”Senator’s bill would take Gatineau Park away from NCC: Plan is to stop selloff of public property,” The Ottawa Citizen, April 16, 2006, p. C1.〕〔“MP Hopes Parliament lands role,” Ottawa Sun, May 19, 2006, p. 16.〕〔“Le parc de la Gatineau serait menacé,” Le Droit, April 22, 2008, p. 6.〕〔“NDP MP challenges Tories to use his bill to protect Gatineau Park: Proposed legislation protects area from developers,” The Ottawa Citizen, April 23, 2009.〕 The federal government also tabled its own Gatineau Park legislation in June 2009 and April 2010.〔“New law would let NCC designate Gatineau Park lands,” by Dave Rogers, The Ottawa Citizen, June 10, 2009.〕〔“Bill protects Gatineau Park, but not as a national park,” by Dave Rogers, The Ottawa Citizen, June 10, 2009.〕〔“Gatineau Park bill draws flak,” by Laura Czekaj, Ottawa Sun, June 10, 2009.〕〔“Gatineau Park gets more federal protection,” by Nick Gamache, CBC Radio Ottawa, June 9 and 10, 2009.〕〔«Lawrence Cannon dépose son projet de loi sur la CCN et le parc de la Gatineau : un parc mieux protégé, mais pas national», par Patrice Gaudreault, Le Droit, le 10 juin 2009.〕〔« Projet de loi C-20 sur la CCN : Des amendements nécessaires pour le parc de la Gatineau », par Paul Gaboury, le Droit, le 8 mai 2010: http://www.cyberpresse.ca/le-droit/actualites/gatineau-outaouais/201005/07/01-4278411-des-amendements-necessaires-pour-le-parc-de-la-gatineau.php.〕 None of the bills tabled so far has been enacted into law. The latest government legislation on the subject, Bill C-20, was reported back to the House of Commons on November 15, 2010. However, it died on the Order Paper before it could be given third reading when the 40th parliament was dissolved. In the fall of 2010, a controversy broke out in the press pertaining to the rehabilitation of Trail no. 1 in Gatineau Park.〔“Gatineau Park trail paved with garbage, advocate claims,” by Sneh Duggal, The Ottawa Citizen September 25, 2010, p. C1.〕 According to published reports, the contractor hired by the NCC had laced the trail with broken glass and other debris; the NCC reacted to this news by hiring an engineering firm to study the problem.〔“Glass found on Gatineau Park trail: report: NCC investigating old wagon trail for glass shards, other debris along recreational path,” by Dave Rogers, The Ottawa Citizen, October 1, 2010, p. D2.〕 Its report concluded that garbage spread along the trail was within acceptable standards, a conclusion that park advocates met with scepticism.〔“NCC covers Park tracks by saying sullied soil on trail not a problem,” by Trevor Greenway, The Low Down to Hull and Back News, October 6, 2010, pp. 1-2.〕〔Bits of glass, plastic, ‘suitable’ for trail: Engineers’ report on Gatineau Park leaves scepticism, by Dave Rogers, The Ottawa Citizen, October 21, 2010.〕 The NCC also confirmed staff for the contractor were not certified in the maintenance of summer trails in the park, as required by their contract.〔See: “Demsis not certified to maintain park trails : NCC,” http://ottawastart.com/story/12932.php;« Demsis ne possède pas les attestations requises pour entretenir les sentiers du Parc, selon la CCN », http://gaiapresse.ca/images/nouvelles/25905.pdf.〕 More recently, on April 30, 2014, the Conservative government defeated the latest private member's bill pertaining to Gatineau Park, a bill that had been tabled by Hull-Aylmer NDP MP Nycole Turmel. The Conservatives argued that the bill (C-565)was too restrictive, since it applied only to Gatineau Park and not to other green space in the National Capital Region. They also said they voted against it because they intended to re-introduce their own legislation in the near term. According to park activists, C-565, though seriously flawed, should have been sent to committee for study and amendment.〔“MPs set to debate Nycole Turmel’s ‘flawed’ bill to protect Gatineau Park,” by Don Butler, Ottawa Citizen, March 6, 2014; « Projet de loi sur la protection du parc de la Gatineau : les conservateurs votent contre », par Paul Gaboury, Le Droit, le 1 mai 2014 ; “Government kills Nycole Turmel’s Gatineau Park bill,” by Don Butler, Ottawa Citizen, May 2, 2014.〕 Building on the work of the predecessor Federal Woodlands Preservation League, the modern-day New Woodlands Preservation League and its Gatineau Park Protection Committee advocate greater public access to the park while opposing residential development inside it.〔Senate of Canada, debates on Bill S-210, 2 May, June 6, June 13, June 15, October 5, November 6, 2006, www.parl.gc.ca/LEGISINFO〕〔«Erreurs sur le lac Meech», Le Droit, le 17 juillet 2009, p. 12〕〔"Gatineau Park is not a private club Mr. Cannon", The West Quebec Post, August 7–13, 2009, p. 4〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gatineau Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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